Game Developer Magazine: GGPO Technical Deep Dive

by inkblot on August 24th, 2012 at 6:38 pm

Ponder, the man behind the latency-hiding GGPO netcode, has written an awesome article for the September issue of Game Developer Magazine that describes how the technology works and why it’s so well-suited for fighting games. This is by far the most in-depth look at GGPO’s inner workings published so far.

Fight the Lag
Nine out of ten game developers agree: Lag kills online multiplayer, especially when you’re trying to make products that rely on timing-based skill, such as fighting games. Fighting game community organizer Tony Cannon explains how he built his GGPO netcode to “hide” network latency and make online multiplayer appetizing for even the most picky players.

The article gives a pretty detailed breakdown of why traditional network solutions fail, how GGPO uses prediction to solve the problem, and what it takes to add GGPO support to a game. To read the full article you need to have a subscription to Game Developer Magazine. They offer an online subscription here, or you can purchase a digital version of just the September 2012 issue for $4 here.

http://shoryuken.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/ggpo-page.jpg

http://twitter.com/TBM24x Chris B

Hollywood Ponder!
- http://twitter.com/ThereseZamora1 Therese Zamora
  
  But either way that’s not what this article was about. GGPO is also a network code architecture and not just a matchmaking hub. http://Millionaire4Project.blogspot.com
- http://twitter.com/ElmerjgAnto ElmerjgAnto
  
  Chad implied I’m blown away that a person can earn $7881 in 1 month on the network. have you look this (Click on menu Home)
- http://twitter.com/ElmerjgAnto ElmerjgAnto
  
  …
  goo.gl/goKhB
Ayo_Ayo_Son

You can purchase just the September issue by itself for $4 if you want to check it out without subscribing. I still need to read through that RollCaster article that is online in case I need to implement rollback for any game I end up deving in the future.
- inkblotSRK
  
  thx!
http://www.facebook.com/people/Art-Salmons/100001016539462 Art Salmons

That’s wonderful. Mainstream games are using this fine technology.

Now maybe update the client once in the last couple years? So it isn’t constantly crashing and disconnecting over and over? So the map actually works right and people don’t have to quad challenge each other all the time? Stop cheaters and trolls who make multiple accounts?

Kickstart it if you have to. We will donate.
- TempBast
  
  And make sure everyone legally owns the arcade boards and roms.
  - http://www.facebook.com/ceasy.srk Ceasy Srk
    
    LOL. ummmmm
  - JasinWalraven
    
    This is why I won’t go play GGPO on the computer, If I can’t own the game I don’t want to be a thief and steal the game.
    - http://www.facebook.com/people/Steven-Tyler-Parry/100003150253490 Steven Tyler Parry
      
      Considering most of the games on GGPO are no longer supported by the companies that develop them and if you have a board they won’t even service it for you or take any money for it at all I don’t think this argument makes sense. Something has to have a retail value for you to actually be able to “steal” it… You follow?
      
      But either way that’s not what this article was about. GGPO is also a network code architecture and not just a matchmaking hub.
      - http://www.youtube.com/user/tsdcs TS
        
        (psst. He’s a troll. He is trolling you.)
      - http://www.facebook.com/Trance.S.Core Technika Core
        
        Lol no. Something of any kind of value has to be taken or borrowed from you with out your permission, in order to be stolen. Retail values have nothing to do with it.
      - Trull
        
        Yeah we don’t want to hurt any corporations feelings.
    - mozart danno
      
      What if you own the game but it doesn’t have online capability, like say you own Samurai Showdown 2 for PSX but you want to play it online so you get the ROM to play it on GGPO do you still consider that as stealing
  - Mike O.
    
    HAHAHAHAHAHA
    Oh, yeah… that’s how it works.
    
    As long as the ice is provided elsewhere, crack pipes can be sold out in the open.
http://www.youtube.com/user/tsdcs TS

Good stuff.

( Having the map back would be sweet. )
- http://twitter.com/Pond3r Tony Cannon
  
  Is this good enough?
  http://ggpo.net/map/
http://www.facebook.com/people/Danny-Craig/717415091 Danny Craig

How long is the article?

As a GGPO advocator I really wanna read it but $4 for an article…!
- TouyaShiro
  
  I think it was referring to the whole issue, not just the one article.
mozart danno

This should be a standard for fighters, this day in age a 2D or 2.5D games should have little to no lag at all. I wouldn’t mind shelling out a little more cash if its a game im going to be playing for a long time
- Moribund Cadaver
  
  It may become standard for fighters in the next generation of console hardware.
  
  There’s processing overhead for rollback style netcode, be it GGPO or an equivalent technology. It’s easy to deal with for games using 2D visuals, even if they do have polygon backgrounds.
  
  The recent problems Street Fighter X Tekken suffered with stuttering performance and audio dropping online was due to it using rollback net code, while the available ram and CPU resources of the PS3 and 360 were too limiting. Namco has also stated that dealing with netcode in Tekken is very difficult right now, due to how processing intense the game is (and the fact that it’s still designed around the current HD consoles).
  - http://twitter.com/windsagio windsagio
    
    skullgirls had memory/rollback related problems too.
    - Moribund Cadaver
      
      That’s true. Skullgirls overachieved in its aims for animation, and it has a variety of memory and bandwidth problems already not counting netplay. It has more CPU overhead just for decompressing animation frames on the fly at 60fps than a lot of other “2D” fighting games.
  - polarityy
    
    no, the problems with sfxt were just due to lazy programming
    
    http://mauve.mizuumi.net/2012/03/08/how-i-didnt-clip-the-sound-effects
    - Moribund Cadaver
      
      “Lazy programming” = the gamer’s way of answering all problems with games. Plenty of games using GGPO or rollback technology also have, under the right conditions, the same problems SFxT had. Stuttering sound, stuttering background animation, more jittering than should be normal.
      
      Aside from hitting actual limits with hardware capability, SFxT was pushed out the door by the management level before further testing and refinement of its netcode could be done, as evidenced by a patch for the issue already being in development before the game hit retail shelves.
Los Illuminados

i
♥
GGPO !!!
(́◕◞౪◟◕‵)/
Stupid RetardedKids

You can TALK all you want about how amazing it is. We’ve all played 3SO and skullgirls. We know its garbage. I’d hoped that once it FINALLY made its way into fighting games like this site had been talking about since its birth and it SUCKED ASS we could stop hearing about it, but I guess not.
Jordan Hoffman

Just got a subscription. I’m currently studying computer science and my main passion is game development. Seems like a really cool magazine.
http://www.squidoo.com/fightinggamesonline thec0re3@Fighting Games Online

Wow speak of the devil( i know that came off wrong). I just came off of playing ggpo just a few hours ago. I’ve been having issues connecting to the other player but finally managed to get it going today(I think turning off upnp on my router did the trick that or just reseting the ports.) I will definitely be spending the $4 dollars. Netcode is not something that gets a great deal of disscusion when it comes to game development so I’m happy to see this being showcased.

In the near future I really hope that I can get a chance to have a chat with Tony cannon one of these days. I know online is frowned upon amongst older gamers but it is the future none the less. Places like ggpo have encouraged me to keep playing where I might have stopped in the past and I’m grateful for that.
ReoAyanami

Or developers can make slower fighting games like Soul Calibur 5 which does way more to minimize laggy experiences than any net code.
- Louis Lam
  
  You’re an idiot.
- Larsson K
  
  lol what
Reginald Jean-Louis

Is this thing a technology or a client for BOOTLEGS. Or both?
when you do manage to get the BOOTLEGS, can you be sure it’s VIRUS free?
Which games does it support that are not already on xbl or psn?
Do the BOOTLEGS come with original box art in booklet PDF form?
(so that you can make yourself a jewel case if you want, to wash yourself of that dirty feeling of having acquired a BOOTLEG)
Does this GGPO ”client” emulate the processors of old consoles (PS1, Neo Geo) like the MAME emulator does?
If no, can we assume that it is NOT ARCADE PERFECT?
If you move computers do you have to download everything again?
I heard less then 5% of SRK’ers play, so THERE’S NOT ENOUGH COMPETION online can anyone verify that?

No personal atks, just straight answers kthxbie.
- http://www.facebook.com/JoseArgao Jose Emmanuel Argao
  
  http://lmgtfy.com/?q=ggpo&l=1
- http://twitter.com/poke133 Drago Umeharevich
  
  this article refers to GGPO as a netcode, an algorithm of transferring inputs and doing client-side prediction with rollbacks
  
  also GGPO is not an emulator and the GGPO Client is just a UI that doesn’t have anything to do with the netcode itself.
  
  some of your questions are so ridiculous, i better leave you to google them )
- http://twitter.com/Cscaffa Craig Simpson
  
  1, GGPO does not play games, it’s more like a protocol. Similar to how HTTP is not a website, it’s just the standard they’re used to be displayed.
  
  2, If you have a virus scanner sure.
  
  3, 20+, also some games are on PSN but not Xbox
  
  4, I’ll skip this one because I don’t think anyone has ever made a jewel case for bytes residing on a hard drive.
  
  5, The GGPO client doesn’t emulate anything, Final Burn Alpha does that.
  
  6, See above, and also emulation by definition is never perfect.
  
  7, GGPO does not have per-user cloud storage, nor does it actually host any games.
  
  8i, I’d like to know where they got the statistic from.
  ii, 5% of SRK’s member list is about 3500, GGPO’s unique memberslist is 390477.
  iii, As with any arcade, local scene or even Xbox / PSN – competition depends on the popularity of the game.
  
  KoF98′ for example has three rooms which are regularly full, whereas something like Dungeons and Dragons will be empty.
http://twitter.com/windsagio windsagio

The thing to remember is that rollback isn’t exactly a new concept for online play, and has been around for a while… generally if its not being used its for some technical reason.
- polarityy
  
  generally if it’s not being used in a fighting game it’s because japanese developers dont give a shit
  - Moribund Cadaver
    
    No, the reason why rollback tactics haven’t been used frequently for games such as fighters is because the degree of rollback can easily break the game.
    
    People don’t grasp how stuff works, so they go on Xbox Live, play COD, it seems to work sort of OK, then cry that nobody else makes their games work like COD.
    
    What they don’t understand is the massive amount of rollback, ‘teleporting’ characters, and errors that happen because they’re not paying attention or don’t understand what they’re seeing. Often, what people call “lag” as a catch all term, is actually the effects of rollback in progress. I.e. you shoot a guy in a first person shooter. Nothing happens. Then suddenly you’re back around a corner and on the ground dead.
    
    Even with rollback net code making online play work with fighting games is non-trivial.
    
    Rollback techniques didn’t become famous or even widely understood by fighting game players until Arc System Works released BlazBlue. And that game was built from the ground up with netplay in mind – unlike 99% of other fighting games.
    
    At any rate, the bigger issue and problem as others have pointed out, is that the internet infrastructure is horrible in many countries, especially the United States. Even if everyone connected to a game has a great connection that is properly configured, what happens between each end often results in packet loss, routing errors, additional lag. Nevermind how many people don’t know, and don’t care, how to configure their set top box (game console) or router. Many people on XBL and PSN are playing through semi-restricted NAT, causing further problems.
http://twitter.com/Darkforge Bevan Djernaes

from what I have found for GGPO it’s great as long as you are relatively close to your opponent. Otherwise it end’s up much worse than a decent standard netcode like SF4.. As Skullgirls wasnt popular down here, it was actually pretty unplayable for me online.
http://twitter.com/poke133 Drago Umeharevich

GGPO works great even with long distances. the problem is routing, jitter and packet loss (and overall the chaotic/variable nature of internet infrastructure)

on a stable connection (no matter the distance) the GGPO netcode can predict things accurately enough not to teleport/rollback/frameskip in a visible way.
in the real world, long distance connections have a lot of hops from various infrastructure of various ISPs that don’t have the optimal peering between them, taking non-optimal routes and adding lag spikes on the way.

for example: i’m from Eastern Europe. i ping 120-130ms to US East Coast and 70-80ms to Portugal.
however i have terrible connections with Portugal on GGPO despite the lower ping, because the signal gets all fucked up and the Iberics have terrible internet infrastructure.

whereas with US East Coast it’s really playable, because the signal travels mostly though the backbone of European and Trans-Atlantic internet (Frankfurt -> Amsterdam -> underwater cables -> New York)
- Larsson K
  
  Yeh I’m from UK I get better games playing Brasilians than I do with players from France. But I think France has shitty internet because even in CoD they lag.
http://www.facebook.com/Dark.Reaper.and.Galactimus.Zero Marvin Choi

The primary reason this isn’t standard is pretty much because most fighting games are developed in Japan, where the Internet is amazing and they don’t need rollback netcode, or good netcode, period.
- http://twitter.com/windsagio windsagio
  
  and yet they know the biggest market is in the US, and I’m pretty sure (not willing to check) that NRS didn’t use rollback either.
  
  Isn’t it substantially more likely that there’s some other problems that make it hard?
  - http://www.facebook.com/Dark.Reaper.and.Galactimus.Zero Marvin Choi
    
    Mortal Kombat was a very messily-coded game where online play was obviously not a very big priority.
    
    And Japanese developers are just slow to change with issues that don’t affect them. But they HAVE been changing. Both SFxT and Third Strike use rollback (3S actually uses GGPO), and I think the new release of JoJo’s also uses rollback.
    - http://twitter.com/windsagio windsagio
      
      I just find it questionable that fans of a particular system are attributing incompetent motives to professional network engineers.
      - http://www.facebook.com/Dark.Reaper.and.Galactimus.Zero Marvin Choi
        
        who said they actually employed professional network engineers?
      - http://twitter.com/windsagio windsagio
        
        WhatisthisIdon’teven.
        
        You think a major company like capcom…
        
        I pray you’re just trolling at this point.
      - http://www.facebook.com/Dark.Reaper.and.Galactimus.Zero Marvin Choi
        
        @twitter-16036744:disqus
        
        I think a major company like Capcom run by a bunch of backwards-minded corporate executives probably wouldn’t give two shits about netcode. They only care about functions that they can advertise, like lobbies, replays, co-op functions, etc. Nobody in that company thinks something like “netcode” would be something to advertise. So they probably barely even work on it.
        
        My guess is that they just hire the same coders who work on various other parts of the game to come up with some code on how to interact with PSN/XBLA to create a multiplayer game.
petran79

Hope in a few years to be able to play Taito X2 games online
FingerCramp

Great Read!! Good Stuff Ponder!
- http://twitter.com/Pond3r Tony Cannon
  
  Thank you, FingerCramp.
http://www.facebook.com/people/Edacero-Pedazo/100002009120666 Edacero Pedazo

Its ironic, a netcode made for Street Fighter, people uses mainly for KOF, and SNKP uses a crappy netcode engine.
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